There is utility in logging traffic statistics that occurs at the physical layer.
That is, in order to send packets virtually to a particular tailscale IP address,
what physical endpoints did we need to communicate with?
This functionality logs IP addresses identical to
what had always been logged in magicsock prior to #5823,
so there is no increase in PII being logged.
ExtractStatistics returns a mapping of connections to counts.
The source is always a Tailscale IP address (without port),
while the destination is some endpoint reachable on WAN or LAN.
As a special case, traffic routed through DERP will use 127.3.3.40
as the destination address with the port being the DERP region.
This entire feature is only enabled if data-plane audit logging
is enabled on the tailnet (by default it is disabled).
Example of type of information logged:
------------------------------------ Tx[P/s] Tx[B/s] Rx[P/s] Rx[B/s]
PhysicalTraffic: 25.80 3.39Ki 38.80 5.57Ki
100.1.2.3 -> 143.11.22.33:41641 15.40 2.00Ki 23.20 3.37Ki
100.4.5.6 -> 192.168.0.100:41641 10.20 1.38Ki 15.60 2.20Ki
100.7.8.9 -> 127.3.3.40:2 0.20 6.40 0.00 0.00
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The wireguard-go code unfortunately calls this unconditionally
even when verbose logging is disabled.
Partial revert of #5911.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
This package parses a JSON stream of netlog.Message from os.Stdin
and pretty prints the contents as a stream of tables.
It supports reverse lookup of tailscale IP addresses if given
an API key and the tailnet that these traffic logs belong to.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
This field seems seldom used and the documentation is wrong.
It is simpler to just derive its original value dynamically
when endpoint.DstToString is called.
This method is potentially used by wireguard-go,
but not in any code path is performance sensitive.
All calls to it use it in conjunction with fmt.Printf,
which is going to be slow anyways since it uses Go reflection.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
This sets up Logger to handle statistics at the magicsock layer,
where we can correlate traffic between a particular tailscale IP address
and any number of physical endpoints used to contact the node
that hosts that tailscale address.
We also export Message and TupleCounts to better document the JSON format
that is being sent to the logging infrastructure.
This commit does NOT yet enable the actual logging of magicsock statistics.
That will be a future commit.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
If the wgcfg.Config is specified with network logging arguments,
then Userspace.Reconfig starts up an asynchronous network logger,
which is shutdown either upon Userspace.Close or when Userspace.Reconfig
is called again without network logging or route arguments.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The Logger type managers a logtail.Logger for extracting
statistics from a tstun.Wrapper.
So long as Shutdown is called, it ensures that logtail
and statistic gathering resources are properly cleared up.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The node and domain audit log IDs are provided in the map response,
but are ultimately going to be used in wgengine since
that's the layer that manages the tstun.Wrapper.
Do the plumbing work to get this field passed down the stack.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Rename StatisticsEnable as SetStatisticsEnabled to be consistent
with other similarly named methods.
Rename StatisticsExtract as ExtractStatistics to follow
the convention where methods start with a verb.
It was originally named with Statistics as a prefix so that
statistics related methods would sort well in godoc,
but that property no longer holds.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Upstream optimizations to the Go time package will make
unmarshaling of time.Time 3-6x faster. See:
* https://go.dev/cl/425116
* https://go.dev/cl/425197
* https://go.dev/cl/429862
The last optimization avoids a []byte -> string allocation
if the timestamp string less than than 32B.
Unfortunately, the presence of a timezone breaks that optimization.
Drop recording of timezone as this is non-essential information.
Most of the performance gains is upon unmarshal,
but there is also a slight performance benefit to
not marshaling the timezone as well.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The copy ID operates similar to a CC in email where
a message is sent to both the primary ID and also the copy ID.
A given log message is uploaded once, but the log server
records it twice for each ID.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
If Wrapper.StatisticsEnable is enabled,
then per-connection counters are maintained.
If enabled, Wrapper.StatisticsExtract must be periodically called
otherwise there is unbounded memory growth.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
High-level API:
type Statistics struct { ... }
type Counts struct { TxPackets, TxBytes, RxPackets, RxBytes uint64 }
func (*Statistics) UpdateTx([]byte)
func (*Statistics) UpdateRx([]byte)
func (*Statistics) Extract() map[flowtrack.Tuple]Counts
The API accepts a []byte instead of a packet.Parsed so that a future
implementation can directly hash the address and port bytes,
which are contiguous in most IP packets.
This will be useful for a custom concurrent-safe hashmap implementation.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Callers of LogHost often jump through hoops to undo the
loss of information dropped by LogHost (e.g., the HTTP scheme).
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The version.CmdName implementation is buggy such that it does not correctly
identify the binary name if it embeds other go binaries.
For now, add a NewWithConfigPath API that allows the caller to explicitly
specify this information.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
It is unclear whether the lack of checking nil-ness of slices
was an oversight or a deliberate feature.
Lacking a comment, the assumption is that this was an oversight.
Also, expand the logic to perform cycle detection for recursive slices.
We do this on a per-element basis since a slice is semantically
equivalent to a list of pointers.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Add a new lookupTypeHasher function that is just a cached front-end
around the makeTypeHasher function.
We do not need to worry about the recursive type cycle issue that
made getTypeInfo more complicated since makeTypeHasher
is not directly recursive. All calls to itself happen lazily
through a sync.Once upon first use.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The entry logic of Hash has extra complexity to make sure
we always have an addressable value on hand.
If not, we heap allocate the input.
For this reason we document that there are performance benefits
to always providing a pointer.
Rather than documenting this, just enforce it through generics.
Also, delete the unused HasherForType function.
It's an interesting use of generics, but not well tested.
We can resurrect it from code history if there's a need for it.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
This helps pprof better identify which Go kinds take the most time
since the kind is always in the function name.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
This helps pprof better identify which Go kinds take the most time
since the kind is always in the function name.
There is a minor adjustment where we hash the length of the map
to be more on the cautious side.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Rather than having two copies []fieldInfo,
just maintain one and perform merging in the same pass.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
This helps pprof better identify which Go kinds take the most time
since the kind is always in the function name.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Use of reflect.Value.SetXXX panics if the provided argument was
obtained from an unexported struct field.
Instead, pass an unsafe.Pointer around and convert to a
reflect.Value when necessary (i.e., for maps and interfaces).
Converting from unsafe.Pointer to reflect.Value guarantees that
none of the read-only bits will be populated.
When running in race mode, we attach type information to the pointer
so that we can type check every pointer operation.
This also type-checks that direct memory hashing is within
the valid range of a struct value.
We add test cases that previously caused deephash to panic,
but now pass.
Performance:
name old time/op new time/op delta
Hash 14.1µs ± 1% 14.1µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.590 n=10+9)
HashPacketFilter 2.53µs ± 2% 2.44µs ± 1% -3.79% (p=0.000 n=9+10)
TailcfgNode 1.45µs ± 1% 1.43µs ± 0% -1.36% (p=0.000 n=9+9)
HashArray 318ns ± 2% 318ns ± 2% ~ (p=0.541 n=10+10)
HashMapAcyclic 32.9µs ± 1% 31.6µs ± 1% -4.16% (p=0.000 n=10+9)
There is a slight performance gain due to the use of unsafe.Pointer
over reflect.Value methods. Also, passing an unsafe.Pointer (1 word)
on the stack is cheaper than passing a reflect.Value (3 words).
Performance gains are diminishing since SHA-256 hashing now dominates the runtime.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
When built with "deephash_debug", print the set of HashXXX methods.
Example usage:
$ go test -run=GetTypeHasher/string_slice -tags=deephash_debug
U64(2)+U64(3)+S("foo")+U64(3)+S("bar")+FIN
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Rather than separate functions to hash each kind,
just rely on the fact that these are direct memory hashable,
thus simplifying the code.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Every implementation of typeHasherFunc always returns true,
which implies that the slow path is no longer executed.
Delete it.
h.hashValueWithType(v, ti, ...) is deleted as it is equivalent to:
ti.hasher()(h, v)
h.hashValue(v, ...) is deleted as it is equivalent to:
ti := getTypeInfo(v.Type())
ti.hasher()(h, v)
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Add support for maps and interfaces to the fast path.
Add cycle-detection to the pointer handling logic.
This logic is mostly copied from the slow path.
A future commit will delete the slow path once
the fast path never falls back to the slow path.
Performance:
name old time/op new time/op delta
Hash-24 18.5µs ± 1% 14.9µs ± 2% -19.52% (p=0.000 n=10+10)
HashPacketFilter-24 2.54µs ± 1% 2.60µs ± 1% +2.19% (p=0.000 n=10+10)
HashMapAcyclic-24 31.6µs ± 1% 30.5µs ± 1% -3.42% (p=0.000 n=9+8)
TailcfgNode-24 1.44µs ± 2% 1.43µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.171 n=10+10)
HashArray-24 324ns ± 1% 324ns ± 2% ~ (p=0.425 n=9+9)
The additional cycle detection logic doesn't incur much slow down
since it only activates if a type is recursive, which does not apply
for any of the types that we care about.
There is a notable performance boost since we switch from the fath path
to the slow path less often. Most notably, a struct with a field that
could not be handled by the fast path would previously cause
the entire struct to go through the slow path.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
There are 5 types that we care about that implement AppendTo:
key.DiscoPublic
key.NodePublic
netip.Prefix
netipx.IPRange
netip.Addr
The key types are thin wrappers around [32]byte and are memory hashable.
The netip.Prefix and netipx.IPRange types are thin wrappers over netip.Addr
and are hashable by default if netip.Addr is hashable.
The netip.Addr type is the only one with a complex structure where
the default behavior of deephash does not hash it correctly due to the presence
of the intern.Value type.
Drop support for AppendTo and instead add specialized hashing for netip.Addr
that would be semantically equivalent to == on the netip.Addr values.
The AppendTo support was already broken prior to this change.
It was fully removed (intentionally or not) in #4870.
It was partially restored in #4858 for the fast path,
but still broken in the slow path.
Just drop support for it altogether.
This does mean we lack any ability for types to self-hash themselves.
In the future we can add support for types that implement:
interface { DeepHash() Sum }
Test and fuzz cases were added for the relevant types that
used to rely on the AppendTo method.
FuzzAddr has been executed on 1 billion samples without issues.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai joetsai@digital-static.net
Rename Hash as Block512 to indicate that this is a general-purpose
hash.Hash for any algorithm that operates on 512-bit block sizes.
While we rename the package as hashx in this commit,
a subsequent commit will move the sha256x package to hashx.
This is done separately to avoid confusing git.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Also, rename canMemHash to typeIsMemHashable to be consistent.
There are zero changes to the semantics.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Any type that is memory hashable must not be recursive since
there are definitely no pointers involved to make a cycle.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Put the t.Size() == 0 check first since this is applicable in all cases.
Drop the last struct field conditional since this is covered by the
sumFieldSize check at the end.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Hashing []any is slow since hashing of interfaces is slow.
Hashing of interfaces is slow since we pessimistically assume
that cycles can occur through them and start cycle tracking.
Drop the variadic signature of Update and fix callers to pass in
an anonymous struct so that we are hashing concrete types
near the root of the value tree.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Formatting a time.Time as RFC3339 is slow.
See https://go.dev/issue/54093
Now that we have efficient hashing of fixed-width integers,
just hash the time.Time as a binary value.
Performance:
Hash-24 19.0µs ± 1% 18.6µs ± 1% -2.03% (p=0.000 n=10+9)
TailcfgNode-24 1.79µs ± 1% 1.40µs ± 1% -21.74% (p=0.000 n=10+9)
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Switch deephash to use sha256x.Hash.
We add sha256x.HashString to efficiently hash a string.
It uses unsafe under the hood to convert a string to a []byte.
We also modify sha256x.Hash to export the underlying hash.Hash
for testing purposes so that we can intercept all hash.Hash calls.
Performance:
name old time/op new time/op delta
Hash-24 19.8µs ± 1% 19.2µs ± 1% -3.01% (p=0.000 n=10+10)
HashPacketFilter-24 2.61µs ± 0% 2.53µs ± 1% -3.01% (p=0.000 n=8+10)
HashMapAcyclic-24 31.3µs ± 1% 29.8µs ± 0% -4.80% (p=0.000 n=10+9)
TailcfgNode-24 1.83µs ± 1% 1.82µs ± 2% ~ (p=0.305 n=10+10)
HashArray-24 344ns ± 2% 323ns ± 1% -6.02% (p=0.000 n=9+10)
The performance gains is not as dramatic as sha256x over sha256 due to:
1. most of the hashing already occurring through the direct memory hashing logic, and
2. what does not go through direct memory hashing is slowed down by reflect.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
In Go 1.19, the reflect.Value.MapRange method uses "function outlining"
so that the allocation of reflect.MapIter is inlinable by the caller.
If the iterator doesn't escape the caller, it can be stack allocated.
See https://go.dev/cl/400675
Performance:
name old time/op new time/op delta
HashMapAcyclic-24 31.9µs ± 2% 32.1µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.075 n=10+10)
name old alloc/op new alloc/op delta
HashMapAcyclic-24 0.00B 0.00B ~ (all equal)
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The hash.Hash provided by sha256.New is much more efficient
if we always provide it with data a multiple of the block size.
This avoids double-copying of data into the internal block
of sha256.digest.x. Effectively, we are managing a block ourselves
to ensure we only ever call hash.Hash.Write with full blocks.
Performance:
name old time/op new time/op delta
Hash 33.5µs ± 1% 20.6µs ± 1% -38.40% (p=0.000 n=10+9)
The logic has gone through CPU-hours of fuzzing.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The logic of deephash is both simpler and easier to reason about
if values are always addressable.
In Go, the composite kinds are slices, arrays, maps, structs,
interfaces, pointers, channels, and functions,
where we define "composite" as a Go value that encapsulates
some other Go value (e.g., a map is a collection of key-value entries).
In the cases of pointers and slices, the sub-values are always addressable.
In the cases of arrays and structs, the sub-values are always addressable
if and only if the parent value is addressable.
In the case of maps and interfaces, the sub-values are never addressable.
To make them addressable, we need to copy them onto the heap.
For the purposes of deephash, we do not care about channels and functions.
For all non-composite kinds (e.g., strings and ints), they are only addressable
if obtained from one of the composite kinds that produce addressable values
(i.e., pointers, slices, addressable arrays, and addressable structs).
A non-addressible, non-composite kind can be made addressable by
allocating it on the heap, obtaining a pointer to it, and dereferencing it.
Thus, if we can ensure that values are addressable at the entry points,
and shallow copy sub-values whenever we encounter an interface or map,
then we can ensure that all values are always addressable and
assume such property throughout all the logic.
Performance:
name old time/op new time/op delta
Hash-24 21.5µs ± 1% 19.7µs ± 1% -8.29% (p=0.000 n=9+9)
HashPacketFilter-24 2.61µs ± 1% 2.62µs ± 0% +0.29% (p=0.037 n=10+9)
HashMapAcyclic-24 30.8µs ± 1% 30.9µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.400 n=9+10)
TailcfgNode-24 1.84µs ± 1% 1.84µs ± 2% ~ (p=0.928 n=10+10)
HashArray-24 324ns ± 2% 332ns ± 2% +2.45% (p=0.000 n=10+10)
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The Do function assists in calling functions that must succeed.
It only interacts well with functions that return (T, err).
Signatures with more return arguments are not supported.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
It should be safe to initialize multiple Server instances
without any resource leaks what-so-ever.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The Header field allows the server to specify specific headers to set.
Example use case: server returns 429 with the "Retry-After" header set.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
If the field is the zero value, then avoid serializing the field.
This reduces verbosity in server logs.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
If ConfigFromFile cannot find the configuration file,
we must not initialize it with NewConfig.
Instead, we need it to fail validation so that it eventually writes
a newly constructed configuration file.
Otherwise, new tailscale instances will never be able store a persistent
log config and start with a new config file upon every bootup.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Use the "tailscaled" prefix instead of "tsnet" for state file names:
1. It is consistent with the pre-existing {{Dir}}/tailscaled.state file.
2. It makes the file layout of `tsnet` and `tailscaled` identical,
so that they are compatible with each other.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
It is not idiomatic for Go code to panic for situations that
can be normal. For example, if a server receives PrivateID
from a client, it is normal for the server to call
PrivateID.PublicID to validate that the PublicID matches.
However, doing so would panic prior to this change.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The hujson package transition to just being a pure AST
parser and formatter for HuJSON and not an unmarshaler.
Thus, parse HuJSON as such, convert it to JSON,
and then use the standard JSON unmarshaler.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
A large influx of new connections can bring down DERP
since it spins off a new goroutine for each connection,
where each routine may do significant amount of work
(e.g., allocating memory and crunching numbers for TLS crypto).
The momentary spike can cause the process to OOM.
This commit sets the groundwork for limiting connections,
but leaves the limit at infinite by default.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The new /keys endpoint allows you to list API and machine auth keys.
You can also create machine auth key.
It currently does not support creating another API key.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The "go generate" command blindly looks for "//go:generate" anywhere
in the file regardless of whether it is truly a comment.
Prevent this false positive in cloner.go by mangling the string
to look less like "//go:generate".
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Emit a go:generate pragma with the full set of flags passed to cloner.
This allows the user to simply run "go generate" at the location
of the generate file to reproduce the file.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Unfortunately this test fails on certain architectures.
The problem comes down to inconsistencies in the Go escape analysis
where specific variables are marked as escaping on certain architectures.
The variables escaping to the heap are unfortunately in crypto/sha256,
which makes it impossible to fixthis locally in deephash.
For now, fix the test by compensating for the allocations that
occur from calling sha256.digest.Sum.
See golang/go#48055
Fixes#2727
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
This test is highly dependent on the accuracy of OS timers.
Reduce the number of failures by decreasing the required
accuracy from 0.999 to 0.995.
Also, switch from repeated time.Sleep to using a time.Ticker
for improved accuracy.
Updates #2727
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The index for every struct field or slice element and
the number of fields for the struct is unncessary.
The hashing of Go values is unambiguous because every type (except maps)
encodes in a parsable manner. So long as we know the type information,
we could theoretically decode every value (except for maps).
At a high level:
* numbers are encoded as fixed-width records according to precision.
* strings (and AppendTo output) are encoded with a fixed-width length,
followed by the contents of the buffer.
* slices are prefixed by a fixed-width length, followed by the encoding
of each value. So long as we know the type of each element, we could
theoretically decode each element.
* arrays are encoded just like slices, but elide the length
since it is determined from the Go type.
* maps are encoded first with a byte indicating whether it is a cycle.
If a cycle, it is followed by a fixed-width index for the pointer,
otherwise followed by the SHA-256 hash of its contents. The encoding of maps
is not decodeable, but a SHA-256 hash is sufficient to avoid ambiguities.
* interfaces are encoded first with a byte indicating whether it is nil.
If not nil, it is followed by a fixed-width index for the type,
and then the encoding for the underlying value. Having the type be encoded
first ensures that the value could theoretically be decoded next.
* pointers are encoded first with a byte indicating whether it is
1) nil, 2) a cycle, or 3) newly seen. If a cycle, it is followed by
a fixed-width index for the pointer. If newly seen, it is followed by
the encoding for the pointed-at value.
Removing unnecessary details speeds up hashing:
name old time/op new time/op delta
Hash-8 76.0µs ± 1% 55.8µs ± 2% -26.62% (p=0.000 n=10+10)
HashMapAcyclic-8 61.9µs ± 0% 62.0µs ± 0% ~ (p=0.666 n=9+9)
TailcfgNode-8 10.2µs ± 1% 7.5µs ± 1% -26.90% (p=0.000 n=10+9)
HashArray-8 1.07µs ± 1% 0.70µs ± 1% -34.67% (p=0.000 n=10+9)
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Instead of hashing the humanly formatted forms of a number,
hash the native machine bits of the integers themselves.
There is a small performance gain for this:
name old time/op new time/op delta
Hash-8 75.7µs ± 1% 76.0µs ± 2% ~ (p=0.315 n=10+9)
HashMapAcyclic-8 63.1µs ± 3% 61.3µs ± 1% -2.77% (p=0.000 n=10+10)
TailcfgNode-8 10.3µs ± 1% 10.2µs ± 1% -1.48% (p=0.000 n=10+10)
HashArray-8 1.07µs ± 1% 1.05µs ± 1% -1.79% (p=0.000 n=10+10)
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The swapping of bufio.Writer between hasher and mapHasher is subtle.
Just embed a hasher in mapHasher to avoid complexity here.
No notable change in performance:
name old time/op new time/op delta
Hash-8 76.7µs ± 1% 77.0µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.182 n=9+10)
HashMapAcyclic-8 62.4µs ± 1% 62.5µs ± 1% ~ (p=0.315 n=10+9)
TailcfgNode-8 10.3µs ± 1% 10.3µs ± 1% -0.62% (p=0.004 n=10+9)
HashArray-8 1.07µs ± 1% 1.06µs ± 1% -0.98% (p=0.001 n=8+9)
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The previous algorithm used a map of all visited pointers.
The strength of this approach is that it quickly prunes any nodes
that we have ever visited before. The detriment of the approach
is that pruning is heavily dependent on the order that pointers
were visited. This is especially relevant for hashing a map
where map entries are visited in a non-deterministic manner,
which would cause the map hash to be non-deterministic
(which defeats the point of a hash).
This new algorithm uses a stack of all visited pointers,
similar to how github.com/google/go-cmp performs cycle detection.
When we visit a pointer, we push it onto the stack, and when
we leave a pointer, we pop it from the stack.
Before visiting a pointer, we first check whether the pointer exists
anywhere in the stack. If yes, then we prune the node.
The detriment of this approach is that we may hash a node more often
than before since we do not prune as aggressively.
The set of visited pointers up until any node is only the
path of nodes up to that node and not any other pointers
that may have been visited elsewhere. This provides us
deterministic hashing regardless of visit order.
We can now delete hashMapFallback and associated complexity,
which only exists because the previous approach was non-deterministic
in the presence of cycles.
This fixes a failure of the old algorithm where obviously different
values are treated as equal because the pruning was too aggresive.
See https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/2443#issuecomment-883653534
The new algorithm is slightly slower since it prunes less aggresively:
name old time/op new time/op delta
Hash-8 66.1µs ± 1% 68.8µs ± 1% +4.09% (p=0.000 n=19+19)
HashMapAcyclic-8 63.0µs ± 1% 62.5µs ± 1% -0.76% (p=0.000 n=18+19)
TailcfgNode-8 9.79µs ± 2% 9.88µs ± 1% +0.95% (p=0.000 n=19+17)
HashArray-8 643ns ± 1% 653ns ± 1% +1.64% (p=0.000 n=19+19)
However, a slower but more correct algorithm seems
more favorable than a faster but incorrect algorithm.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
A Go interface may hold any number of different concrete types.
Just because two underlying values hash to the same thing
does not mean the two values are identical if they have different
concrete types. As such, include the type in the hash.
Seed the hash upon first use with the current time.
This ensures that the stability of the hash is bounded within
the lifetime of one program execution.
Hopefully, this prevents future bugs where someone assumes that
this hash is stable.
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
The fact that Hash returns a [sha256.Size]byte leaks details about
the underlying hash implementation. This could very well be any other
hashing algorithm with a possible different block size.
Abstract this implementation detail away by declaring an opaque type
that is comparable. While we are changing the signature of UpdateHash,
rename it to just Update to reduce stutter (e.g., deephash.Update).
Signed-off-by: Joe Tsai <joetsai@digital-static.net>
Joe TsaiandGitHub
